Which type of metric reflects past performance and outcomes in clinic operations?

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Lagging indicators capture results after the work has been completed, so they reflect past performance and outcomes. In clinic operations, these are metrics you can only know once a period ends, such as patient satisfaction scores from the last month, total visits completed, revenue collected, or post-treatment outcomes like readmission rates within a defined window. They confirm how well processes performed during that period but don’t guide immediate actions as events unfold. By comparison, real-time indicators show current conditions, predictive indicators forecast future results, and leading indicators signal potential future performance based on early inputs. Therefore, measuring past performance and outcomes aligns with lagging indicators.